Peut-on utiliser lorsque?

Bonjour Ly !

"Lorsque" actually means the same as "quand" (when), so it's a bit different from "while". It doesn't mark simultaneity so much as something happening at one specific moment.
The best way to express simultaneity in this sentence would be as such:
"Je fais la vaisselle pendant que tu arrives." (I do the dishes while you're arriving.)

However, the use of "arriver" here feels a bit weird, as it is not an action that lasts as long as doing the dishes, so the simultaneity here feels a bit contrived.
Something like ""Je fais la vaisselle pendant que tu fais le lit." (I do the dishes while you're making the bed.) feels a bit more natural.

I hope that's helpful!

Thank you for your answer with explanation.
So to express simultaneity, we use "pendant" it's better than " lorsque " that is used as "quand", right?

Yes, "pendant que" would be "while". "Pendant" on its own means "during".

Okey, I understand now, thank you very much and have a nice day!