Using the French compound past (Le Passé Composé) to express sentences in the English simple past

Learn when to use Le Passé Composé (Indicatif) in French

Look at these usages of Le Passé Composé (Indicatif):

Je suis arrivé à 18h30.I got there at 6.30pm.

L'Angleterre a gagné la bataille de Trafalgar en 1805.England won the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

J'ai acheté un pull ce matin.I bought a jumper this morning.

Il a préparé le dîner, il a mis la table, puis il a attendu qu'elle rentre du travail.He made dinner, set the table, then waited for her to come home from work.

Note that although Le Passé Composé (Indicatif) is structurally similar to English Present Perfect (I have done), in most cases, it is the direct equivalent to the English Simple Past (I did).
Indeed, the French Le Passé Composé (Indicatif) refers to a single past action that is definite, with a clear start and end, and looked at as one point in time (hence often paired with a clear date or timeframe). 

ATTENTION:

In some cases, Le Passé Composé (Indicatif) can be translated either as Simple Past or Present Perfect:
J'y suis allé deux fois aujourd'hui. I went there twice today.

J'y suis allé deux fois aujourd'hui.I have gone there twice today.

The nuances we have in English between I went and I have gone don't really exist in French. They're instead expressed through the context and the tone used.

 

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Examples and resources

Il a préparé le dîner, il a mis la table, puis il a attendu qu'elle rentre du travail.He made dinner, set the table, then waited for her to come home from work.
J'y suis allé deux fois aujourd'hui. I went there twice today.
J'y suis allé deux fois aujourd'hui.I have gone there twice today.
Tu as fini ton travail avant 10 heures.You finished your work before 10.
L'Angleterre a gagné la bataille de Trafalgar en 1805.England won the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
Je suis arrivé à 18h30.I got there at 6.30pm.
J'ai été impressionnée par sa présentation.I was impressed by his presentation.
Lundi dernier, Lucas et Tom ont joué au foot.Last Monday, Lucas and Tom played football [US: soccer].

generally


J'ai acheté un pull ce matin.I bought a jumper this morning.
I'll be right with you...