Pronouns
A1: Beginner
- Moi, toi, lui, elle = me, you, him, her (stress pronouns)
- Ça = that, this, it (pronoun)
- C'est, ce sont = this is, these are (demonstrative pronouns)
- C'est vs il/elle est: Saying it is
- Penser que, croire que = To think that, to believe that
- Nous vs on (subject pronouns)
- Il, elle, ils, elles = it, he, she, they
- On = we, one, people
- Me, te, nous, vous = Me, you, us, you (direct and indirect object pronouns)
- Tout le monde = Everybody (indefinite pronouns)
- Nous, vous, eux, elles = us, you, them (stress pronouns)
A2: Lower Intermediate
- N'importe quoi = Nonsense, anything (indefinite pronouns)
- Position of object pronouns with verbs in simple tenses
- L'autre, les autres = The other one(s) (indefinite pronouns)
- Position of object pronouns with infinitives
- Le, la, les vs lui, leur in affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- Me becomes moi in affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- En with quantities = Of them (adverbial pronoun)
- Moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles (advanced stress pronouns)
- Using stress pronouns in compound subjects and objects (unlike English)
- Expressing 'myself, etc...' with stress pronouns and 'même'
- Le mien, le tien, le sien, etc = Mine, yours, his/hers/its (possessive pronouns)
- Autre chose / quelque chose d'autre = Something else (indefinite pronouns)
- Chacun, chacune, chaque = each, each one (indefinite adjectives and pronouns)
- Using 'trouver' to express 'to find' and opinions
- Ne ... pas grand-chose = Not much (negation)
- Le/la même, les mêmes = The same (indefinite pronouns)
- N'importe qui = Anyone (indefinite pronouns)
- What are subjects, objects, and pronouns? (grammar point)
- Quelques, plusieurs, de nombreux = A few, several, many (quantities)
- Replacing nouns with le, la, l', les = it, him, her, them (direct object pronouns)
- Quelqu'un, Quelqu'un d'autre = Someone, Someone else (indefinite pronouns)
- Tout, tous, toute, toutes = Everything, all (of them), the whole
- Replacing people with lui, leur = him, her, them (indirect object pronouns)
- Y = There (adverbial pronoun)
- Le nôtre, le vôtre, le leur, etc = Ours, yours, theirs (possessive pronouns)
- Position of object pronouns with verbs in compound tenses
B1: Intermediate
- Ce que (vs ce qui) = what, which (relative pronouns)
- Using "y" with affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- Using "en" with affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- Celui, celle, ceux, celles = the one(s) (demonstrative pronouns)
- Que = Whom, which, that (relative pronouns)
- Ce qui (vs ce que) = what, which (relative pronouns)
- L'un(e) ... l'autre, les un(e)s ... les autres = One ... the other(s) (indefinite pronouns)
- Certain(e)s d'entre eux/elles = Some of them (indefinite pronouns)
- Using le or l' to refer to previously mentioned ideas (direct object pronoun)
- Replacing adjectives with le (direct object pronoun)
- Y can replace à + thing / object / location (adverbial pronoun)
- Qui = Who, which, that (relative pronouns)
- En can replace de + phrase (adverbial pronoun)
B2: Upper Intermediate
- Using direct and indirect object pronouns together (double object pronouns)
- Using double object pronouns in affirmative commands (L'Impératif)
- Indirect object + en (double pronouns)
- Reflexive + direct object (double pronouns)
- Direct object + y (double pronouns)
- À + qui, auquel, à laquelle = to whom, what, which (relative pronouns)
- De + qui, duquel, de laquelle, dont = Of/about whom (relative pronouns)
- Prepositions + qui, lequel, laquelle, etc : on what, behind whom, beside which (relative pronouns)
- Dans lequel / laquelle : alternative to où with places (relative pronouns)
- Où = where AND when (relative pronouns)
- Using reflexive pronouns to express 'each other'
- Tout ce qui, tout ce que = All, everything that